来自陆地和海洋的大气微塑料排放
近日，奥地利维也纳大学Ioanna Evangelou团队研究了来自陆地和海洋的大气微塑料排放。该项研究成果发表在2026年1月21日出版的《自然》杂志上。
微塑料作为全球性污染物，其在大气中的分布特征尚不明确。尽管大气微塑料的观测数据日益增多，但对排入大气的微塑料数量的估算仍存在数个数量级的差异。
研究组整合了全球大气微塑料数据集，并与经过粒径校准的微塑料模型模拟结果进行比对。模型模拟结果显示，其对全球大气微塑料浓度中位数的估算比实测值高出2至4个数量级。实测数据表明，海洋上空微塑料浓度中位数仅为陆地上空的1/27（分别为0.003和0.08颗粒/立方米）。
通过运用简易比例推算法，研究组估算得出海洋排放的微塑料数量低于陆地排放。全球陆源与海洋排放总量分别为每年6.1×1017（1.3×1017至1.1×1018）颗粒和每年2.6×1016（2.7×1015至5.0×1016）颗粒。研究结果表明，排入大气的微塑料颗粒数量低于既往认知。陆源排放主导数量而非质量排放，这表明需要进一步研究微塑料排放的粒径分布特征。
附：英文原文
Title: Atmospheric microplastic emissions from land and ocean
Author: Evangelou, Ioanna, Bucci, Silvia, Stohl, Andreas
Issue&Volume: 2026-01-21
Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) are global pollutants1, yet their atmospheric distribution is poorly understood2. Although atmospheric MP measurements have become more abundant, estimates of emissions into the atmosphere vary by orders of magnitude3,4. Here we compile a global atmospheric MPs dataset and compare it with size-aligned MP model simulations. Our model simulations show two to four orders of magnitude overestimation of the measured global median atmospheric MP concentrations. Measured median concentrations over the ocean are 27 times lower than over the land (0.003 and 0.08particlesm3, respectively). Applying a simple scaling method, we estimate that oceanic emissions are lower in number than land-based emissions. The total global land-based and oceanic emissions are 6.1×1017 (1.3×1017 to 1.1×1018) particlesyear1 and 2.6×1016 (2.7×1015 to 5.0×1016)particlesyear1, respectively. Our results indicate that fewer MP particles are emitted into the atmosphere than previously thought. Land sources dominate the number but not the mass emissions, indicating that MPs emission size distributions should be investigated further.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09998-6
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09998-6
